Tax & Risk Management

For e-Residents running Estonian companies, it is essential to understand the difference between dividends and salary from a tax perspective - not as a formula, but as a strategic decision. In Estonia, the numbers speak clearly: Salary may cost up to 55% when all employment-related taxes are considered. Dividends result in an effective tax burden of approximately 28.21%. The difference is significant. However, this does not mean that choosing only dividends or only

Traveling through Southern Europe - Italy, Greece, and Spain - reveals a striking contrast to the digital-first economy of Northern Europe. While the North has almost entirely transitioned to cashless transactions, the South maintains a strong, sometimes aggressive, preference for cash. In Italy, for instance, cash is used in over 57% of transactions. As a financial professional, this raises critical questions about the shadow economy and the vast amount of tax revenue that